Instructions for Authors
Updated April 25.2023

Journal of Clinical Practice and Research (J Clin Pract Res) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access publication of the Erciyes University School of Medicine. Four issues a year were published beginning in 1979, and in 2021, six issues will be published annually in January, March, May, July, September, and November. The publication language of the journal is English.
The journal accepts clinical and experimental research articles in different fields of medicine: original articles, brief reports, invited commentaries, reviews, invited reviews, original case reports, case images, letters to the editor, and articles on the history of medicine, as well as manuscripts regarding international scientific meetings and symposiums and other articles written to share scientific knowledge with readers. Research articles and specific medical topics related to global health and medicine are prioritized.
All manuscripts must be submitted electronically to https://cpr.manuscriptmanager.net.

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION
Manuscripts should be prepared in accordance with the ICMJE-Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (updated in December 2015 - http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf). Authors are required to prepare manuscripts in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines for randomized research studies, the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for observational original research studies, the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) guidelines, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines for experimental animal studies, and the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Non-randomised Designs (TREND) guidelines for non-randomized behavioral and public health evaluations.

Manuscripts may only be submitted through the journal’s online manuscript submission and evaluation system, https://cpr.manuscriptmanager.net. Manuscripts submitted via any other medium will not be evaluated. Manuscripts should be submitted by one of the authors of the manuscript.  Submissions by anyone other than one of the authors will not be accepted.

Manuscripts will first be submitted to a technical evaluation process in which the editorial staff will ensure that the manuscript has been prepared and submitted in accordance with the journal’s guidelines. Submissions that do not conform to the journal’s guidelines will be returned to the author with requests for technical correction.
The quality and clarity of the language used in a manuscript is very important. The editors may request that authors have the manuscript professionally edited if the language of the submission does not conform to the journal standards. Journal of Clinical Practice and Research uses American English. Please submit text of a quality ready for publication. Information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission may contact Kare Media at [email protected].
Please refer to specific formatting requirements noted in the submission checklist and elsewhere in this document.

MANUSCRIPT TYPES

Original Article : This is the most valued type of article, since it provides new information based on original research. The main text of an original article should be structured with Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion subheadings. Original articles are limited to 3500 words and 30 references.(GUIDELINES FOR MATERIALS and METHODS IN Journal of Clinical Practice and Research ).

Brief report: A brief report conveys a focused message. Case series are also considered brief reports. These reports are restricted to a maximum of 1500 words, no more than 1 table and 3 figures, and 15 references. It should contain an unstructured abstract of a maximum of 150 words and the text should be structured with subheadings of introduction, methods, results, and discussion.

Editorial comment: Editorial comments provide a brief critical commentary offered by reviewers with experience and standing in the topic of a research article previously published in the journal. The authors are selected and invited by the journal to provide the benefit of their expertise. The submission should not include an abstract, keywords, tables, figures, and images. The word count is limited to 1200 and 15 references may be included.

Review article: Two kinds of review are accepted for publication in the Journal of Clinical Practice and Research : narrative review and systematic review. Reviews of relevant topics not recently discussed in this format that will be helpful to readers are welcomed.

• Narrative review: These reviews are prepared by authors who have extensive knowledge of a particular field and whose scientific background has been widely recognized. These authors may be invited by the journal staff to provide a contribution. A narrative review should describe, discuss, and evaluate the current level of knowledge of a topic in clinical practice and should guide future studies. The main text should contain introduction, clinical and research consequences, and conclusion sections. At the end of the introduction, a short description of how the articles reviewed have been selected (keywords, time period of the search, etc.) should be included. The abstract is to be unstructured with a maximum 250 words. The text is limited to 4000 words, excluding references. A maximum of 40 references is permitted.
• Systematic review: These reviews address a clear question and use predefined methods to identify and refer to studies, appraise their methodological rigor, and extract data. A meta-analysis is optional. Systematic reviews will be evaluated as original articles. Details of the expectations for systematic reviews can be found in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, available at http://training.cochrane.org/handbook. The submission should contain a structured abstract of a maximum 250 words and the text should include the following sections: introduction, methods (data sources, study eligibility criteria, participants, interventions, etc. and statistical analysis), results, discussion, and conclusion. These reviews are limited to 4000 words. The number of references will depend on the frame of the review subject, but is not to exceed a total of 60.

History of medicine: The journal also encourages authors to submit manuscripts related to the history of medicine, covering any aspect of medicine with a high citation potential. Manuscripts prepared by authors who have extensive knowledge of a particular historical field, invention, surgical procedure, or application are welcomed. These submissions may be invited by the editors. Manuscripts should describe historical details and may include images, figures, and other illustrations related to the subject. These articles may be included in the categories of invited review, review, original article, brief report, or letter to the editor. The text should include a short, unstructured abstract of a maximum 250 words, keywords, a short introduction, historical background of the subject, and a conclusion.

Case report: There is limited space for case reports and therefore the journal selects reports of rare cases or conditions that reflect challenges in diagnosis and treatment, those offering new therapies or revealing knowledge not in the literature, or present something otherwise particularly interesting and educative. The abstract with structured of background, case and conclusion, is limited to 150 words and the report must include the subheadings of introduction, case report, and discussion, which includes a conclusion. A case report is limited to 1200 words and 10 references.

Image: Original, high-quality clinical or laboratory images will be considered for publication. If a photo of an identifiable patient is used, a consent form for its use must be completed and signed by the patient and enclosed with the submission. All printed information that might identify the patient or the authors’ institution (including, but not limited to the hospital or patient name, date, or place) should be removed from images. The submission should have no more than 3 authors, the case description is limited to a maximum of 200 words, the discussion section may contain no more than 200 words, and only 3 references and 3 figures are permitted.

Letter to the Editor: This type of manuscript discusses important observations, overlooked aspects, or details lacking in a previously published article in Journal of Clinical Practice and Research . Noteworthy articles on subjects within the scope of the journal, particularly educative cases, may also be submitted in the form of a “Letter to the editor.” No abstract, keywords, tables, figures, images, or other media should be included. The article that is the subject of commentary must be properly cited within the manuscript. The text should be unstructured and is limited to 500 words. No more than 5 references will be accepted.
Table 1. Limitations for each manuscript type

Type of manuscript	Word limit	Abstract word limit	Reference limit	Table limit	Figure limit
Original  article	3000-3500	250 (Structured)	30	6	6
Brief report	1500	150	15	1	3
Editorial comments	1200	No abstract	15	No tables	No figures
Narrative review	4000	250	40	6	6
Systematic review	4000	250 (Structured)	Depends on review frame (60 maximum)	6	6
Case report	1200	150 (Structured)	10	1	3
Image	400	No abstract	3	No tables	3
Letter to the editor	500	No abstract	5	No tables	No figures
History of medicine	3000-3500	250	depends on review frame (60 maximum)	6	6

Cover Letter: The cover letter should include the article title, article type, and the full name of the corresponding author and a statement declaring the absence or presence of any conflict of interest. The corresponding author should briefly summarize the paper and affirm that it has not already been published, accepted, or is under simultaneous review for publication elsewhere. It should be stated that if the manuscript is accepted by the Journal of Clinical Practice and Research , the paper will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language.

Title page: A separate title page should be submitted with all submissions and this page should include:

• The full title of the manuscript as well as a short title (running head) of no more than 50 characters
• Name, affiliation, ORCID ID number, and highest academic degree of the author(s)

• Funding and other material support

• Name, address, phone number(s), fax number, and email address of the corresponding author
• Acknowledgment of the individuals who contributed to the preparation of the manuscript but who do not fulfill the authorship criteria
• Manuscripts that have been presented orally or as a poster should include the name, date and place of the event

Abstract: An English-language abstract is required with all submissions except editorial comments, images, and letters to the editor. Systematic reviews and original articles should contain a structured abstract of maximum 250 words with the subheadings of objective, methods, results, and conclusion.

Keywords: Each submission must be accompanied by a minimum of three and a maximum of six keywords for subject indexing included at the end of the abstract. The keywords should be listed in full without abbreviations. The keywords should be selected from the National Library of Medicine, Medical Subject Headings database (https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html).

 

Statistical analysis
A detailed description of the statistical analyses performed should be provided with a separate subheading in the materials and methods section. Please read the suggested statistical guidelines and complete the statistical analysis checklists in Appendix I and II.

Tables
Tables should be uploaded as separate files and not embedded in the main text. They should be numbered consecutively in the order they are referred to within the main text. A descriptive title must be placed above the tables. Abbreviations used in the tables should be defined below the table with footnotes, even if they are defined within the main text. Tables should be created using the “insert table” command of the word processing software and they should be designed for easy reading. Data presented in tables should not be a repetition of the data presented within the main text but should support the main text.

Figures and figure legends
Figures, graphics, and photographs should be submitted as separate files in TIFF or JPEG format through the article submission system. The files should not be embedded in a Word document or the main document. When there are figure subunits, the subunits should not be merged to form a single image. Each subunit should be submitted separately through the submission system. Images should not be labeled (a, b, c, etc.) to indicate figure subunits. Thick and thin arrows, arrowheads, stars, asterisks, and similar marks can be used on the images to support figure legend. Like the rest of the submission, the figures should be blind. Any information within the images that may identify an individual or institution should be blinded. The minimum resolution of each submitted figure should be 300 DPI. To prevent delays in the evaluation process, all submitted figures should be clear in resolution and large in size (minimum dimensions: 100x100 mm). Figure legends should be listed at the end of the main document.
All acronyms and abbreviations used in the manuscript should be defined at first use, both in the abstract and in the main text. The abbreviation should be provided in parentheses following the definition. Units should be prepared in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). When a drug, device, hardware, or software program, or other product is mentioned within the main text, the name of the product, the manufacturer/copyright holder of the product (not simply the vendor), and city and the country of the company (including the state, if in USA), should be provided in parentheses in the following format: “Discovery St PET/CT scanner (General Electric Co., Boston, MA, USA)”
All references, tables, and figures should be referred to within the main text, and they should be numbered consecutively in the order they are referred to within the main text.
Limitations, drawbacks, and shortcomings of original articles should be mentioned in the Discussion section before the conclusion paragraph.

References
The editorial team may request that the authors cite related recently published articles (preferably within the last 10 years) in their manuscripts, with the exception of historical papers.
If an ahead-of-print publication is cited, the digital object identifier (DOI) number should be provided. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of references. Journal titles should be abbreviated in accordance with the journal abbreviations in the Index Medicus /MEDLINE/ PubMed. When there are six or fewer authors, all authors should be listed. If there are seven or more authors, the first six should be listed followed by “et al.” In the main text of the manuscript, references should be cited using Arabic numerals in parentheses. The reference styles for different types of publications are presented in the following examples.

Journal article: 
Cecconi M, Evans L, Levy M, Rhodes A. Sepsis and septic shock. Lancet 2018; 392(10141): 75-87.

Candel FJ, Borges Sá M, Belda S, Bou G, Del Pozo JL, Estrada O, et al. Current aspects in sepsis approach. Turning things around. Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(4): 298-315.

Salomão R, Ferreira BL, Salomão MC, Santos SS, Azevedo LCP, Brunialti MKC. Sepsis: evolving concepts and challenges. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2019; 52(4): e8595.

Epub ahead-of-print article: Cai L, Yeh BM, Westphalen AC, Roberts JP, Wang ZJ. Adult living donor liver imaging. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2016 Feb 24. doi: 10.5152/dir.2016.15323. [Epub ahead-of-print].

Manuscript published in electronic format: Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis (serial online) 1995 Jan-Mar (cited 1996 June 5): 1(1): (24 screens). Available from: URL: http:/ www.cdc.gov/ncidodlElD/cid.htm.

Book section: Suh KN, Keystone JS. Malaria and babesiosis. Gorbach SL, Barlett JG, Blacklow NR, editors. Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams; 2004.p.2290-308.

Books with a single author: Sweetman SC. Martindale the Complete Drug Reference. 34th ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2005.

Editor(s) as author: Huizing EH, de Groot JAM, editors. Functional reconstructive nasal surgery. Stuttgart-New York: Thieme; 2003.

Conference proceedings: Bengisson S. Sothemin BG. Enforcement of data protection, privacy and security in medical informatics. In: Lun KC, Degoulet P, Piemme TE, Rienhoff O, editors. MEDINFO 92. Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Medical Informatics; 1992 Sept 6-10; Geneva, Switzerland. Amsterdam: North-Holland; 1992. pp.1561-5.

Scientific or technical report: Cusick M, Chew EY, Hoogwerf B, Agrón E, Wu L, Lindley A, et al. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Risk factors for renal replacement therapy in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Kidney Int: 2004. Report No: 26.

Internet documents and online materials: World Health Organization. Global Health Estimates: Life expectancy and leading causes of death and disability. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates. Accessed June 8, 2021.

REVISIONS
When submitting a revised version of a paper (include a clean copy and a highlighted copy), the author must submit a detailed response to the reviewers that replies to each issue raised by the reviewers and indicates where changes can be found (each reviewer’s comment, followed by the author’s reply and line number where changes have been made) as well as an annotated copy of the main document. Revised manuscripts must be submitted within 30 days from the date of the decision letter. If the revised version of the manuscript is not submitted within the allocated time, the revision option may be withdrawn. If the submitting author(s) believe that additional time is required, they should request this extension within the initial 30-day period.
Accepted manuscripts are copy edited for grammar, punctuation, format, and clarity. Once the publication process of a manuscript is completed, it is published online on the journal’s webpage as an ahead-of-print publication before it is included in the scheduled issue. A PDF proof of the manuscript is sent to the corresponding author and their publication approval is requested within 2 days of receipt of the proof.

PUBLICATION PROCESS 
Accepted manuscripts will be made available and citable online as rapidly as possible. The stages of publication are as follows;
Uncorrected publication: A PDF of the final, accepted (but unedited and uncorrected) paper will be published online on the journal web page under the “Accepted Articles” section. A DOI will be assigned to the article at this stage.

Ahead-of-print publication: After copy editing, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof, the final corrected version will be added online in the “Ahead-of-Print” section.

Final publication: The final corrected version will appear in an issue of the journal and added to the journal website. To ensure rapid publication, we ask authors to provide your publication approval during the proofreading process as quickly as possible, and return corrections within 48 hours of receiving the proof.

SUBMISSION CHECKLIST 
Please use this list and the following explanations to prepare your manuscript and perform a final check before submission to ensure a timely review.
Formatting of text

• Text should be written in 12-point Times New Roman font
• Main headings and subheadings should be in 12-point and bold font
• Type a single space at the end of each sentence
• Do not use bold face for emphasis within the text
• Numbers one to ten are written out in words unless they are used as a unit of measurement, except in figures and tables
• Use a single hard return to separate paragraphs. Do not use tabs or indents to start a paragraph
• Do not use software options for hyphenation, headers, or footers
• Use page numbering
• Use line numbers
• Use US English

Ensure that the following items are present:

• Cover letter
• Title page including:
• Article type
• Article title
• Running title
• All author names and affiliations
• One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details
  • Full postal address, phone number(s), and email address
• Acknowledge
• Manuscripts that have been presented orally or as a poster must include the name of the event, the date, and the location
• State financial or other support for the study
• Word count
• Abstract word count
• Text word count
• Main text of the manuscript must include:
• Article title
• Abstract
• Keywords
• Text with required subheadings 
• References (ensure written according to journal rules)
• Figures and tables
• Numbered according to text citation
• Descriptive legends/titles and abbreviations
• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided
• Figures:  to be submitted separately.
• Tables:  to be submitted separately
• Ensure that the following forms have been properly completed and submitted:
• ICMJE Potential Conflict of Interest Disclosure Form (completed by all contributing authors), AND
• Copyright Transfer Form, AND
• Author Contributions Form, AND
• Statistics tables: General Principles for Reporting Statistical Methods and General Principles for Reporting Statistical Results

These forms are available for download at https://jcpres.com/

• Further review
• Check the statistical analysis
• Use the US English spell check and grammar check software functions
• Check that all references cited in the text are correctly listed in the reference list
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet)
• All abbreviations have been identified
• All figures and tables are correctly labeled
• Journal policies detailed in this guide have been followed