Modern Mr Techniques To Monitor The Evolution Of Multiple Sclerosis
1Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
J Clin Pract Res 2002; 24(2): 96-106
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Abstract

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is widely used for diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) and as a paraclinical tool to monitor disease activity and evolution in natural history studies and clinical trials. However, the correlation between cMRI and clinical findings is far from being strict. Among the reasons for this "clinical-MRI paradox", a major role has been attributed to the limited specificity of cMRI to the heterogeneous pathological substrates of MS and to its inability to quantify the extent of damage in the normalappearing tissues. Modern quantitative MR techniques have the potential to overcome some of the limitations of cMRI. Metrics derived from magnetization transfer and diffusion-weighted MRI enable us to quantify the extent of structural changes occurring within and outside macroscopic MS lesions with increased pathological specificity over cMRI. MR spectroscopy can add information on the biochemical nature of such changes, with the potential to improve significantly our ability to monitor inflammatory demyelination and axonal injury. Finally, functional MRI might provide new insights into the role of cortical adaptive changes in limiting the clinical consequences of white matter structural damage. Although the application of modern MR techniques is changing dramatically our understanding of how MS causes irreversible disability, their use for clinical trial monitoring is still very limited. Whereas there is increasing perception that modern quantitative MR techniques should be more extensively employed in clinical trials to advance the understanding of MS and derive innovative information, their use in clinical practice should still be regarded as premature.


Multipl Skleroz İzleminde Modern Manyetik Rezonans Teknikleri
1Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
Journal of Clinical Practice and Research 2002; 2(24): 96-106

Konvansiyonel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (kMRG) Multiple Skleroz (MS) tasınının konmasında, hastalığın aktivitesinin izleminde ve klinik çalışmalarda yaygın olarak kullanılır. Ancak kMRG ile klinik bulgular arasındaki ilişki net değildir. Bunun nedenleri de MS'deki heterojen patolojik maddelere kMRI'nin özgüllüğünün yetersiz olmasıdır. Modern niceliksel MRG teknikleri bu yönlerden kMRG den üstündür. Magnetik transfer ve diffuzyon ağırlıklı manyetik rezonans görüntüleri, makroskopik MS lezyonlarının içindeki ve dışındaki yapısal lezyonların büyüklüğünü anlamamızı sağlar. Ayrıca Manyetik Spektrostopi bu lezyonların biyokimyasal özelliklerini de gösterir. Fonksiyonel MRG ise kortikal adaptif değişiklikler hakkında bilgi verir. Modern MRG tekniklerinin uygulanması, MS'nin nasıl geri dönüşümü olmayan işlev kayıplarına yol açtığını gösterse de, bu tekniklerin klinik çalışmalarda kullanılması henüz çok sınırlıdır.