Background: Mature cystic teratomas are the most common germ cell tumors of the ovary. Both malignant and benign tumors may arise inside mature teratomas. Only 42 cases of pulmonary papillary adenomas are described in the literature, with only two cases of pulmonary papillary adenoma inside a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.
Case Report: This case report highlights the presence of a pulmonary papillary adenoma in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary in a 28-year-old woman, which is the third case documented in the literature. This report also includes a review of the literature discussing its histomorphological and immunohistochemical features.
Conclusion: Pulmonary papillary adenomas within ovarian mature cystic teratomas represent an exceedingly rare phenomenon warranting further research.