Objective: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) significantly contributes to hospital admissions and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess whether the Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) could predict long-term mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) admitted for ADHF.
Materials and Methods: HFrEF patients admitted for ADHF between January 2022 and March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were stratified by mGPS into three groups: low risk (C-reactive protein [CRP] ≤10 mg/L, albumin ≥35 g/L), moderate risk (CRP >10 mg/L, albumin ≥35 g/L), and high risk (CRP >10 mg/L, albumin <35 g/L). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, determined from hospital records and telephone follow-up, and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis.
Results: Of 238 patients (predominantly male, 70%), those with high mGPS were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and ischemic etiology. They also exhibited higher creatinine and white blood cell (WBC) counts, along with lower hemoglobin and albumin levels. Mortality was significantly higher in this group. Multiple Cox regression analysis identified high mGPS scores, older age, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), lower hemoglobin, and hypoalbuminemia as independent predictors of mortality. KM analysis demonstrated significantly reduced survival among patients with elevated mGPS.
Conclusion: The mGPS, which incorporates both inflammatory and nutritional parameters, effectively predicts long-term mortality risk in HFrEF patients hospitalized for ADHF. Routine use of mGPS in clinical practice may improve patient stratification, guide therapeutic decisions, and potentially enhance patient outcomes.