Febuxostat (BF) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that has been usedto treat chronic gout. FBexhibits anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, the radioprotective effect of BF was investigated against genotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation (IR) in human healthy lymphocytes.Peripheral blood samples were treated with BF at various concentrations for three hours. Then, the whole blood samples were exposed to IR at a dose of 1.5 Gy. Lymphocytes were cultured for determining the frequency of micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes.The frequency of micronuclei was significantly decreased in human lymphocytes which were exposed to IR and treated with BF as compared to irradiated lymphocytes without BF treatment. The maximum radioprotection as decreasing in the frequency of micronuclei was observed at 100 μM of BF treatment (43% decrease). The anti-inflammatory property is probably involved in the mechanism of FB exerting radioprotective effect in human lymphocytes.